Protected areas (WDPA)
Protected areas are clearly defined spaces recognised and managed, through legal or other effective means, for the long-term conservation of nature. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), managed by UNEP-WCMC and IUCN via Protected Planet, is the most comprehensive global dataset of them.
Also known as: WDPA · Protected Planet · national parks · forest reserves
Why does it matter?
Commodity production inside national parks, forest reserves or other protected areas is a frequent legality and reputational risk. Under the EUDR, environmental protection and land use rights are part of the relevant legislation of the country of production, and protected-area overlap is a common input to risk assessment alongside deforestation checks.
How does it work?
Plot polygons are intersected with protected-area boundaries. Results record:
- whether a plot lies inside, partially inside or within a buffer distance of a protected area;
- the area’s designation and management category;
- the date of designation relative to when farming began.
The WDPA is available through Protected Planet, with terms of use that restrict some commercial uses; users should review them.
Common pitfalls
- Using outdated boundaries, since reserves are created, extended or downgraded.
- Treating buffer zones and core zones the same.
- Automatic exclusion of farmers without checking tenure rights recognised by law.
- Ignoring community-conserved areas missing from global datasets.
Farmer1st includes protected-area overlap in plot-level risk signals through its geo and polygons service.
Frequently asked questions
Is farming inside a protected area always illegal?
Not always. Rules depend on the protected area's category and national law; some allow sustainable use or recognise prior occupants. Overlap is a strong legality risk signal that needs checking against the applicable law.
Is the WDPA complete?
It is the most comprehensive global source, but boundaries can be outdated or missing for some sites. National sources should be checked where available.
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